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Zygocircus productus capulosus Goll, 1979

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Benson, 1966, p. 288-289; pl. 19, figs. 14-15:

Zygocircus productus Hertwig (Bütschli)

Lithocircus productus Hertwig, 1879, Der Organismus der Radiolarien, p.197, Pl. 7, fig. 4.
Zygocircus (Bütschli 1881) productus Hertw. sp. [sic]; Bütschli, 1882a, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., vol. 36, p. 496; 1882b, Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, vol. 1, pt. 1, Pl. 28, fig. 9.

Test a single sagittal ring, ovoid to subpolygonal in outline, with a straight vertical bar, a straight or convex outward apical bar, and a curved or angulated superior bar. Median bar short, cylindrica1, with six short, thorn-like, basal spines consisting of the axial, primary and secondary lateral and dorsal spines. Bars of the ring three-bladed in section; sagittal blade without secondary spines, lateral blades with 10-20 regularly disposed, blade-like to conical spines. A short thorn-like vertical spine or thorn extends from the vertical bar; apical spine, when present, of variable length, extends from the apical bar.

Measurements; based on 30 specimens from stations 92, 93, 106, 115, 133, and 136: maximum height of ring 79-186 µm, maximum breadth 56-113 µm, length of apical spine 0-72 µm, of vertical spine 5-14 µm, of dorsal spine 3-26 µm, of axial spine 1-10 µm, of secondary spines arising from the ring 5-30 µm.

Remarks. Hertwig's illustration (1879, Pl. 7, fig. 4) of Lithocircus productus shows only four basal spines arising from the median bar instead of six. These include the axial spine, one primary and one secondary lateral spine, and the dorsal spine. The other two spines apparently were overlooked. A straight vertica1 bar and the apical and vertica1 spines also are not apparent in his illustration, but again these are easily overlooked.

Distribution. This species is cosmopolitan but rare in the Gulf. It is absent at stations 90, 99, 130, 184, 191, 203, 206, and 214. It has a slightly greater frequency in the central part of the Gulf, namely at stations 81, 91, 106, 115, and 136, a fact which may reflect its response to upwelling. It is very rare in the southern third of the Gulf. It is very rare in the northern third of the Gulf and, therefore, is not very tolerant of the higher than average salinities and temperatures there.
Haeckel (1887, p. 948) reports this species as cosmopolitan, occuring at the surface in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as well as in the Mediterranean Sea. It has not been reported from high latitudes.
Benson 1966


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